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Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 211
bbs May contain a shell escape command to activate a Bulletin Board
program via a DOS Gateway. The bbs string parameter is always
processed as a shell escape command, and should not include a
leading "!". For security reasons, it should specify an absolute
pathname.
EXAMPLE: set bbs "~bbsprog"
blankfill When transmitting a file with the term function with p, r,
or w modes, ZCOMM sends the contents of blankfill (if set) to
prevent the remote from receiving a blank (empty) line. (Some
programs interpret a blank line as an exit from text entry.) ZCOMM
Character Escapes must be used to represent control characters.
If blankfill is empty, nothing is sent. The call command resets
blankfill to empty.
break Stores a string or command to be executed by the Ctrl-Break key
instead of the default 100 ms break.
EXAMPLE: Some Novation modems cannot pass a break signal:
set break "@break putw %B\336\ 1\r putw %U\336\ 0\r"
Causes the break key to send a break to get the modem's attention,
then tells the modem to send the break itself, and finally
restores
the modem's ersatz "transparent" mode.
SEE ALSO: break command
bs Stores an alternate string or command to be executed by the
backspace key when in the term function.
c When the h or s string parameters is accessed, the hundredths of a
second are stored in the c string parameter. The accuracy and
precision of this quantity depend on the operating environment.
call1 ** Sets the string to be sent to the modem or command to be
executed before each time ZCOMM scans for outgoing message control
scripts. Typically this would consist of a modem command
disabling autoanswer, to allow outgoing calls. This string is not
used if callpath is empty.
EXAMPLE: set call1 "ATMS0=0\r" (Hayes Modem)
call2 Sets the string to be sent to the modem or command to be
executed each time ZCOMM begins to wait for a call in Host State.
Typically this would command the modem to enable autoanswer for
(C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 String Parameters
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ZCOMM User Manual 212
incoming calls.
EXAMPLE: set call2 "ATMS0=1\r" (Hayes Modem)
call3 * Sets the string to be sent to the modem or command to be
executed each time ZCOMM begins waiting for incoming calls.
Typically this would consist of a lput command to display an
informational message on the local screen. Note that such a
message will remain on the screen for long periods of time,
possibly creating an afterimage on the CRT display.
EXAMPLE: set call3
@lput "\n\nAwaiting Incoming Call. Press F1 to exit.\n"
callers A pathname in which a log of successful host state logins is
kept. If callers is null (the default), no log is kept.
calllog * The filename that contains the log of successful autodialed
calls. If empty (the default), this function is disabled. A
typical entry with 6.3 minutes connect time with a system called
cis02 is shown.
C 2143:22 01-25-84 1200 c:226-0627 63 cis02
callpath ** Sets the ambiguous pathname that scans for scripts to
transmit outgoing messages. If empty (the default), no scans are
made.
EXAMPLE: set callpath "/tmp/outmsg.*"
NOTE: The "disks" string parameter must be set to include any
drive specified in "callpath".
SEE ALSO: call1, call2 string parameters
challenge is executed when the caller connects and handshakes to
determine transmission speed. This script runs without
restriction, and should check for carrier after each reading of
data.
EXAMPLE: set challenge "@gosub .%lib/challeng.t"
d Is set to the date when called, in the form "mmdd".
EXAMPLE: t cia%d.TXT If the date is December 7, ZCOMM enters the
term function with capture to KGB1207.txt
EXAMPLE: create -st+ cbbs%d.tmp
(C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 String Parameters
Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 213
SEE ALSO: h, t string parameters
drive Is set to the current default disk drive letter when ZCOMM
starts and when logging into a new disk drive with an A: command.
nodename, altprompt, mprompt, hprompt string parameters
dircx
dirpx
dirfx
dirrx
dirsx String parameters for default/override directories. Their uses
are described in Chapter 16.
disks Contains the disks that may be logged into with with the d:
command where "d" is the drive letter, or that may appear as part
of a pathname. If empty (the default), drive letters are not
checked. This parameter should be set to prevent local or remote
users from hanging the system by accessing an off-line disk drive.
This string must be entered in lower case.
EXAMPLE: set disks "abc"
SEE ALSO: home, rdisks string parameters
dport Contains the name of the active communications port, otherwise
empty.
SEE ALSO: port command
drive Contains the drive letter of the current default DOS disk drive.
emdir A directory pathname for incoming electronic mail files. emdir
affects twxfile unless twxfile is an absolute path. emdir is also
used for incoming electronic mail using the YMODEM Batch protocol
in the absence of a login.
EXAMPLE: set emdir "/memo"
entstr If entstr is set, ZCOMM sends the contents of entstr when ENTER
(carriage return key) is keyboarded in the term function, unless n
mode is in effect. ZCOMM Character Escapes must be used to
represent control characters. If entstr is empty, a carriage
return is sent. The "call" command resets entstr to empty.
EXAMPLE: set entstr "\3"
(C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 String Parameters
Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 214
sends an ETX (octal 3) when Enter is keyboarded. This is handy
for some computer systems that expect keyboarded lines to be
terminated with something other than the usual carriage return.
NOTE: The characters in entstr are always sent at full speed.
SEE ALSO: eolstr string parameter
eolstr When transmitting a file with the term function with p, r, or w
modes, ZCOMM sends the contents of eolstr (if set) to terminate
the line. ZCOMM Character Escapes must be used to represent
control characters. If eolstr is empty, a carriage return is
sent. The "call" command resets eolstr to empty.
EXAMPLE: set eolstr "\r."
sends a carriage return followed by a period at the end of each
line read from the transmit file.
NOTE: The characters in eolstr are always sent at full speed.
SEE ALSO: entstr, blankfill string parameters
esc Stores an alternate string or command to be executed by the ESC
key when in term function.
etx Stores an alternate string or command to be executed by ETX
(Ctrl-C) when in the term function.
exrc Is sent to the modem/executed when an interactive Host Operation
session logs out.
EXAMPLE: set exrc "@handshake off; set disks c" turns off flow
control handshaking and resets the disks parameter in case
privileged (unrestricted) callers modify this parameter.
h is set to the hour of the day in the form hhmm.
EXAMPLE: echo "It is now %h Hours"
displays: It is now 1930 Hours.
SEE ALSO: hh, mm, d, t string parameters
helpfile The pathname that contains the online help file. You may
wish to set this in the phone directory "setup" entry. Iff
helpfile begins with the character @, the rest of helpfile is
treated as a Zcomm command.
SEE ALSO: xhelpfile string parameters, help command, T test
condition
(C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 String Parameters
Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 215
hh is set to the hour of the day in the form hh.
EXAMPLE: echo "It is now hour %h."
displays: It is now hour 09.
SEE ALSO: h, mm, d, t string parameters
home When ZCOMM is invoked, home is set to the current directory.
When the "cd" command is given without an argument, the directory
is changed to the contents of home. When ZCOMM is Restricted,
absolute pathnames (those beginning with \ or /) must have home as
a prefix. This restricts unprivileged users to the directory
given in home and/or its subdirectories on any of the disks
allowed by the disks string parameter. When changing the value of
home, use slashes (/) and not backslases (\), and do not use a
disk identifier.
SEE ALSO: disks string parameter
hprompt Overrides the default host operation command prompt.
SEE ALSO: altprompt, mprompt, nodename, drive, pwd string
parameters
id0-id3 General purpose string parameters that may be used to hold ID
strings (user account numbers) for script login applications.
ifs The "Internal Field Separator" string contains the default
characters to be used by the split command to parse a string into
fields.
item * When the expand command is executing a script, the item string
parameter is set to the pathname of the matched file.
intolink * A command that is executed or a string sent to the modem
when ZCOMM enters the link command.
EXAMPLE: set intolink "\r" sends CR to the linked computer.
EXAMPLE: set intolink "@portx 0f8,2" selects a nonstandard link
port.
SEE ALSO: linkpass, outalink string parameters
kermreset A string (up to 32 characters) may be sent by Pro-YAM's
Kermit when it attempts to recover from a transmission error. The
default value for this string is empty. Two metacharacters are
special: \336 inserts a one second pause, \335 sends a break.
(C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 String Parameters
Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 216
l l (letter l) indicates selection of a long distance carrier for
calls to other area codes. It is set to "1" as a default. l may
be set to the access code of the particular alternate long
distance service desired with a "set" command.
SEE ALSO: m string parameter
lib A string variable which may be used to indicate the directory
containing scripts.
linkpass * If set, callers must enter this password when accessing the
link command.
lpnono Do not send any of the characters in lpnono to the printer.
lpnono may use ZCOMM Character Escapes to represent control
characters.
EXAMPLE: set lpnono "\023" prevents the printer from receiving the
DC3 (XOFF) character that places some printers off line.
EXAMPLE: set lpnono "\7" prevents the printing of bell characters.
SEE ALSO: l mode
m m is used to indicate selection of a long distance carrier for
calls within the same area code. It is set to "1" as a default.
m may be set to the access code of the particular alternate long
distance service desired with a "set" command. It is separate
from the l string parameter because the default "1" prefix may not
work if the area code is given, but some alternative long distance
services require the area code to be specified for calls within
the same area code.
SEE ALSO: l string parameter
mcommand A command that is executed instead of ZCOMM's built in
dialing routine.
This may be either "gosub dial" which would access the "dial"
entry in the phones file, or "source /dial" which would access the
script from a separate file. The second method allows a separate
"dial" file for each machine, but requires one more file to be
kept track of.
Note that mcommand does not start with an @. The default value is
empty, disabling this function.
EXAMPLE: set mcommand "gosub dial"
(C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 String Parameters
Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 217
SEE ALSO: telno string parameter
mconnect A command that is executed or string that is sent to the
modem when the modem makes a connection. A typical use is to set
transparent mode for some Novation modems. The default value is
empty, disabling this function.
menu The filename that contains the script accessed by the menu
command.
EXAMPLE: set menu /host/menu.hst
messages Messages entered with the message command are appended to
this pathname. By convention, this file should be readable when
ZCOMM is running in Restricted host mode.
EXAMPLE: set messages "/host/messages"
mprefix A command that is executed or a string that is sent to the
modem as a prefix to dialing a number. The default ATD works with
the Hayes Smartmodem(TM) 1200. ATDT instructs the modem to use
DTMF (Touch Tone(TM)) dialing instead of pulse dialing. Character
escapes may be used.
mm is set to the minute of the hour. It expands to the form mm.
EXAMPLE: echo "It is now %h minutes past the hour"
displays: It is now 30 minutes past the hour.
SEE ALSO: h, hh, d, t string parameters
mprompt Overrides the default main command prompt.
EXAMPLE: set mprompt "\r\E[1m%drive:\L%pwd <<<\E[m "
Display the current disk drive (%c) and directory (%pwd)
highlighted (\E[1m) and in lower case (\L).
N.B.: If you access Unix systems with ZCOMM, choose an mprompt
string that is distinct from your Unix prompt.
EXAMPLE: set mprompt "\r\E[1m%nodename:%drive:\L%pwd <<<\E[m "
SEE ALSO: altprompt, hprompt, nodename, drive, pwd string
parameters
msuffix A command that is executed or a string sent to the modem after
the last digit in the phone number. Most intelligent modems
(C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 String Parameters
Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 218
require the default value of "\r".
n0-n9 General purpose string parameters.
nodename Contains the node name given to individual Unix and Xenix
systems. On other systems this must be set by a script.
SEE ALSO: Unix uname command
oname1...oname5 contains the information stored by the args string
parameter for each level.
oncloserx Optional user exit commands to execute after each file is
received with a protocol file transfer.* Its use is described in
Chapter 13.
onclosetx Optional user exit commands to execute after each file is
sent with a protocol file transfer.* Its use is described in
Chapter 13.
onexit Optional commands to execute as ZCOMM exits to the operating
system.
EXAMPLE: set onexit "@echo GOODBYE!!"
outahost A command that is executed or a string sent to the modem when
ZCOMM exits host operation with a F1 or ALT-N key.
EXAMPLE: set outahost ATZ\r sends the ATZ command to a Hayes modem
to restore its default no autoanswer state.
outalink * A command that is executed or a string sent to the modem
when ZCOMM exits the link command.
EXAMPLE: set outalink "@kill; px0" clears the circular buffer and
prevents restricted callers from accessing the link command.
SEE ALSO: intolink string parameter
parity Contains a string representation of the number of data bits and
parity, such as 8n.
password Changes the password callers must enter to gain access to
your computer when ZCOMM is in host operation. If password is
empty no password will be demanded.
EXAMPLE: set password "Change This Already"
(C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 String Parameters
Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 219
SEE ALSO: challeng.t script, demand command
phones The filename that contains the telephone directory entries and
associated commands used with the call and gosub commands. The
default is "/PHODIR.t". The default may be changed at
installation time by the putsnp program. The DOS environment
variable PHONES will override the default when ZCOMM is started.
Finally, a set command may be used to change the telephone
directory once ZCOMM has started.
picture The filename used by the ALT-Z command to "zap" a copy of the
display memory to the specified file.
plog The filename that contains the file transfer performance log. If
empty (the default), this function is disabled.
private Pathname that messages are stored into by the private command.
This file should NOT be readable when ZCOMM is running in
Restricted host mode.
EXAMPLE: set private "/private"
pw0-pw3 General purpose string parameters for holding passwords. If
defined with a set _pw0 "secretpw" command, it will be cleared
with the next call command.
pwd This parameter is set to the current working directory by each cd
and pwd command.
quitcmd Sets the string to be sent to the modem or command to be
executed when a protocol file transfer has been completed if the
ALT-Q key was typed during that transfer.
EXAMPLE: set quitcmd t\r\336\r\336\r\025off\r would send t<ENTER>,
a pause, <ENTER>, a pause, <ENTER>, and ^Uoff<ENTER>. This
sequence may be useful for automatically logging off Compuserve
after downloading a file.
SEE ALSO: ALT-Q special key
rcmdlog * The filename that contains the log of commands issued
remotely (in Host Operation) along with the time, transmission
speed, and the name of the caller. If set to "prn", the commands
are logged on the printer. A highly buffered printer, hard disk
file or ramdisk file is recommended because this file will be
opened and closed for each host command. If empty (the default),
this function is disabled.
EXAMPLE: set rcmdlog D:rcmds
(C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 String Parameters
Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 220
rdisks Contains the disks that may be logged into with with the d:
command where "d" is the drive letter, or that may appear as part
of a pathname, when ZCOMM is Restricted. If empty (the default),
drive letters are not checked against this parameter. (Drive
letters are always checked with the disks parameter.) The rdisks
parameter is used to prevent restricted remote users from
accessing private data files. This string must be entered in
lower case.
EXAMPLE: set rdisks "c"
SEE ALSO: home, disks string parameters
remote ZCOMM reads The full name of the remote system from the
telephone directory entry when the call command is given.
EXAMPLE: call omen using the omen entry in the distributed
PHODIR.t file assigns omen-tech to the remote string parameter.
In Host Operation, the caller's name is read into remote.
SEE ALSO: call command, xpassword string parameter, \PXXXX
character escape
rmtcheck Sets the string to be sent to the modem or command to be
executed each time ZCOMM accepts a command line or ZMODEM protocol
Command Download from the remote caller when in Host Operation,
before that command is executed.
SEE ALSO: rmtcmd, pwd string parameters
EXAMPLE: set rmtcheck "@source D:remcheck.t"
rmtcmd Contains the command line entered by the caller or received by
ZMODEM protocol Command Download in Host Operation. This may be
modified by an unrestricted script invoked via the rmtcheck string
parameter.
SEE ALSO: rmtcheck string parameter, checkrmt.t script
rname * Contains the name of the last file received by a protocol,
successful or not.
rub Assigns a string or command to the RUBOUT (Shift Backspace) key.
rxcnt A three digit number which counts the number of files that have
been created for receiving. An incoming file with an illegal name
is changed to rename.n with n is incremented from the value stored
in rxcnt (or 0).
(C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 String Parameters
Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 221
rxlog * The filename that contains the log of received files. If
empty (the default), this function is disabled.
s * Contains the current time in seconds since the last minute.
s0...s9 These may be tested with the if %sN and if i%sN,string
commands, or expanded into a string using character escapes with
the "%sN" construction, where N is 1...9. Use set param "" (empty
string enclosed by double quote characters) to set a string
parameter to empty.
speed String representation of the serial port speed.
statliner May be used to place a messgae in the right side of the term
function status line, replacing the information normally displayed
there. If statliner begins with a space, it is placed at the far
right of the status line, after the information normally
displayed. If statliner does not begin with a space, it is
processed for string substitution and character escapes, and then
placed at column 31 of the status line.
Soft Keys The f1 to fa12 strings are executed by the respective keys
from the term function, review function, or command prompt. In
the term function, soft keys definitions for fins, fdel, fhome,
fup, fdown, fpgup, fpgdn, fleft, fright, fend will override
ZCOMM's built-in definitions for these keys. The built-in
definitions take precedence in the review function, conference
command, and at the command prompt.
Computers with the 101 key extended keyboard and ROM BIOS support
allow ZCOMM to distinguish the cursor cluster keys and the two new
function keys labelled F11 and F12. Extended keyboard cursor
cluster keys may be reassigned with the fcdel, fcdown, fcend,
fchome, fcins, fcleft, fcpgdn, fcpgup, fcright, and fcup string
parameters. The fnp5 key may be assigned to the "5" key on the
numeric pad.[2] ZCOMM's character escapes can be used to encode
special characters, including spaces and/or tabs.
EXAMPLE: set bs "\177"; set rubout "\b" Swap backspace and rubout
for VMS
The contents of these keys may be displayed by ALT-K or by the
keys command.
__________
2. Visible on extended 101 key keyboards with extended BIOS support
only
(C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 String Parameters
Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 222
If the assigned string begins with "@" (commercial at), the string
is executed as a command. A soft key command called from the term
function should not end with a t or f command because this would
cause excessive recursion (calling the term function from within
the term function). (Use the create or open instead.)
In the conference command, soft keys are inserted into the editing
window unless they are commands, which are executed.
Soft keys are not executed from review or the command prompt
unless they are commands (beginning with "@").
EXAMPLE: set f3 @rb Assigns the rb command to F3.
t expands to the current time and date each time it is used.
SEE ALSO: d, h string parameters
tab Assigns a string or command to the TAB key.
telno The current telephone number string.
SEE ALSO: mcommand string parameter
tmodes Contains optional term function modes to be applied to each
instance of the following term function commands: conference,
create, f, learn, t and F-2
SEE ALSO: term funcion modes, Chapter 21.
tmp A string variable which may be used to indicate the directory used
for data to be transmitted or received.
tname * Contains the name of the last file sent with a protocol,
successful or not.
txlog * The filename that contains the log of transmitted files. If
empty (the default), this function is disabled.
unrestrict Changes the password callers must match to allow remote
functions that are normally restricted such as erasing files,
listing and changing parameters, and changing to private
directories. If unrestrict is empty (the default), the unrestrict
command will fail.
SEE ALSO: unrestrict command
w Contains the day of the week (local time) as Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu,
Fri, Sat, or Sun.
(C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 String Parameters
Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 223
welcome is executed after the password (if any) has been demanded and
accepted.
EXAMPLE: set welcome "@type welcome.txt; purgek; nulls 0"
xhelpfile The pathname that contains the online help file for host
mode commands. This should be readable when ZCOMM is in
Restricted Host Operation. Iff xhelpfile begins with the
character @, the rest of xhelpfile is treated as a Zcomm command.
SEE ALSO: helpfile string parameters, help command
xpassword * xpassword is a master password string that may be used to
generate a unique password for each system called. xpassword is
encrypted by the name of the remote system (string parameter
remote) to generate a password unique to each remote system
called. The generated password is transmitted as a result of a
Soft Key programmed with the \PXXXX construction described in
Chapter 26. To view the generated password, set the remote string
parameter to the full remote system name as it appears in the
appropriate telephone directory (up to but not including any "-"
character), then keyboard lput \PXXXX from the main command
prompt.
EXAMPLE: set f8 "\PXXXX" Programs F8 to transmit a 5 character
password from the term function.
Omen Technology Inc cannot accept responsibility for damages due
to the breaking of any codes used or generated by ZCOMM.
uucplock Contains an optional UUCP lock file prefix for arbitrating
tty ports with the Unix UUCP program. This is normally set
automatically, or from the UUCPLOCK environment variable.
EXAMPLE: set uucplock "/usr/spool/locks/LCK.." Ee
y* All variable names beginning with "y" are reserved!
y0...y127 Read only string parameters y0 to y127 expand to represent
lines displayed by the term function. y0 corresponds to the
current partially finished line as displayed by the term function.
The last line referenced by y0...y127 becomes the y string
parameter current line used by the y, yb, and yf string
paramrters. Each time the term function displays a newline from
the remote, the y parameter is set to the new, unfinished line
from the remote.
y expands to represent the y parameter current line.
yb Referencing the yb read only string parameter backs up the y
string parameter current line one line, and then represents that
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Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 224
line.
yf Referencing the yb read only string parameter advances the y
string parameter current line one line, and then represents that
line.
SEE ALSO: H, h test conditions
zmrxesc Requests the sending ZMODEM-90(TM) program[3] to escape the
specified additional control character(s). Printing characters @
(40 hex) to _ (57 hex) escape the corresponding control characters
NULL (0) to US (1F) in both parities.
EXAMPLE: set zmrxesc "@" Requests the sending program to escape
NULL (0) and NULL with 8th bit set (80 hex).
SEE ALSO: zmtxesc string parameter
zmtxesc Causes ZMODEM send commands to escape the specified additional
control character(s). Printing characters @ (40 hex) to _ (57
hex) escape the corresponding control characters NULL (0) to US
(1F) in both parities.
SEE ALSO: zmrxesc string parameter
__________
3. DSZ.COM does not support the zmrxesc string parameter.
(C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 Character Escapes
Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 225
26. CHARACTER ESCAPES
Some commands use strings with character escapes similar to those used
by the C programming language for describing string constants. When
translating a string for character escapes, ZCOMM substitutes strings
(%svar) and then translates the result for backslash (\) encoded
character escapes.
String-Parameter %svar
Environment-Param %SVAR
% (per cent) \045
password* \PXXXXXXX
cleartext* \C+clear-text+
ciphertext* \M+ciphertext+
newline (LF) \n
return (CR) \r
tab (HT) \t
alarm (BEL) \a
backspace (BS) \b
form feed (FF) \f
escape (ESC) \E
transparent \T
lowercase \L
uppercase \U
octal byte \nnn
decimal byte \dnnn
hex byte \xHH
control char \^C
concatenation \&
backslash \\
To preserve compatibility with future TurboDial enhancements, a
backslash should not be followed by a character not listed above.
%svar is replaced by the value of the corresponding string parameter.
The string parameter name must be written exactly, in the correct
case, with no extra letters or digits at the end. Any non
alphanumeric character delimits the parameter name. The DOS
environment is searched for parameters after exhausting the ZCOMM
string parameters.[1]
\PXXXXXXX uses the xpassword and remote string parameters to generate
a password unique to each remote system, replacing each X character
with an upper case alphabetic character.* The xpassword parameter must
have at least as many characters as the number of characters used in
__________
1. DOS environment parameters are upper case only
(C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 26 Character Escapes
Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 226
the \PXXXXX construction.
SEE ALSO: xpassword, remote string parameters
\M+ciphertext+ uses a cipher and the contents of the mpassword string
parameter to decrypt and transmit the cleartext equivalent to
ciphertext. Ciphertext is delimited by the character immediately
following "M".
\C+cleartext+ is treated as above, except for no decryption.
EXAMPLE: \C+foobar+ is translated to foobar by ZCOMM's character
escape expansion.
A separate program pga encrypts instances of \C+cleartext+ into
\M+ciphertext+ according to a user specified master password. Pga
also decrypts \M sequences to either cleartext, or encrypts them with
a new master password. Please refer to Chapter 99.
The \n, \r, \t, \b, \f, \E, \nnn, \xHH, \^C and \\ character escapes
generate the associated character.
The \T character escape inhibits the processing of character eascpes
(but not string substitutions) in the remainder of the string. It is
useful when the raw string contains backslashes which must not be
treated as character escapes.
The \L character escape forces the rest of the string to lower case,
up to the next \ character. Likewise, \U forces upper case.
Octal byte escapes (\nnn) accept 1 to 3 octal digits terminated by the
first non octal digit. Decimal byte escapes (\dnnn) accept 1 to 3
digits terminated by the first non digit. Hex byte escapes (\xHH)
accept exactly 2 hex digits. Control characters may also be
represented by \^C where C is the printing representation for Ctrl-C
and ^ is the circumflex character.
The \& character escape generates nothing; it is useful to delimit the
lexical end of a string parameter name in string concatenation
applications.
26.1 Concatenating String Parameters
To concatenate the contents of a string parameter with other
characters, one must escape the next character with a backslash if it
is a letter or digit. The \& character escape expands to nothing.
EXAMPLE: Assume string parameter s1 contains "foo".
putw "%s1\&bar"
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sends "foobar".
putw "%s1\142ar"
sends "foobar".
putw "%s1-skidoo"
sends "foo-skidoo".
putw "%s1bar"
is undefined.
putw "%s1\bar"
sends "foo<BS>ar"
Failure to observe this property causes the sets and put commands to
give unexpected results.
An encrypted password* is generated from the prototype string
\PXXXXXXXX where each X generates an upper case alphabetic character
by encrypting the leading letters of the remote system name by
xpassword.
Only the leading letters of the remote system name are used to allow a
directory to have a number of alternate access methods for a given
system, yet produce the same automatic password. For example,
"source", "source-telenet", "source300" would all generate the same
password, but "sourceb" would generate a different password.
xpassword must have at least as many characters as X characters in the
prototype string.
Omen Technology Inc and sellers of ZCOMM cannot accept any
responsibility for damages due to the breaking of any ciphers used or
generated by ZCOMM.
An arbitrary byte is generated by backslash followed by one to three
octal digits, backslash x followed by exactly two hex digits, or by
backslash circumflex followed by three decimal digits. 7 bit
transmission modes (7s, 7m, 7e, 7o) modify the parity bit of
characters transmitted by the term function during the put[w] command.
26.2 Quoting Strings
Strings must be enclosed by double quotes (Shift ' on the IBM Personal
Computer) to allow white space and/or semicolon to be included in the
string. If a string containing white space were not quoted, it would
be terminated by the first space or tab, and ZCOMM would consider the
rest of the intended string as another (incorrect) command.
26.3 Layering of Escaped Characters
Sometimes a string will be processed two (or more) times by ZCOMM's
character escapes.
set fs2 "@accept s1 Name:; obey find\ \\n%s1\ %phones"
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This example causes ZCOMM to ask for a name when Shift-F2 is typed.
The name is read into string parameter S1, which is then used as part
of the argument for the find command. The find command searches the
telephone directory for lines beginning with the string you just typed
in. To match only lines starting with the given string, a linefeed
(\n) is prepended to the argument of the find command. When the obey
command executes, the backslash-space sequences translate to spaces,
and the double backslash translates to a single backslash.
The space after "find" and after "%s1" must be escaped because the
obey command accepts a single string argument. If these spaces were
not escaped, the obey command would not "see" the rest of the line
after "find".
The find command performs its own character escape translation,
changing the \n to a linefeed character.
Since the find command performs string substitution on its list of
files, it is not actually necesary to use the obey command here:
set fs2 "@accept s1 Name:; find \n%s1 %phones"
26.4 Regular Expressions
Regular Expressions allow TurboDialTm scripts to search and parse data
from files, the keyboard, and remote computers. Regular expressions
are used for string searching and parsing (splitting) with the ss and
egrep commands, and the h and H test conditions.
Many DOS and Unix programs use regular expressions to search and parse
text, including grep, egrep, many flavors of EMACS, Brief, Epsilon,
ed, vi, sed, lex, and Perl. The effort expended in learning how to
use regular expressions will be rewarded by the increased utility of
dozens of programs and tools, not just ZCOMM.
ZCOMM regular expressions give "magic" meanings to the characters \ *
+ ? . | ^ [ ] ( )
A regular expression is zero or more branches, separated by |. It
matches anything that matches one of the branches.
A branch is zero or more pieces, concatenated. It matches a match for
the first, if it is followed by a match for the second, etc.
A piece is an atom possibly followed by *,+, or?. An atom followed by
* matches a sequence of 0 or more matches of the atom. An atom
followed by + matches a sequence of 1 or more matches of the atom. An
atom followed by ? matches a match of the atom, or the null string.
An atom is a regular expression in parentheses (matching a match for
the regular expression), a range (see below), . (matching any single
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character), ^ (matching the null string at the beginning of the input
string), $ (matching the null string at the end of the input string),
a \ followed by a single character (matching that character), or a
single character with no other significance (matching that character).
A range is a sequence of characters enclosed in []. It normally
matches any single character from the sequence. If the sequence
begins with ^, it matches any single character not from the rest of
the sequence. If two characters in the sequence are separated by -,
this is shorthand for the full list of ASCII characters between them
(e.g. [0-9] matches any decimal digit). To include a literal ] in the
sequence, make it the first character (following a possible ^). To
include a literal -, make it the first or last character.
EXAMPLE: One can match separators (space, tabs, punctuation) by
excluding them from a range [^0-9A-Za-z] That means "match anything
except A to Z, or a to z, or 0 to 9.[2]
If a regular expression could match two different parts of the input
string, it will match the one which begins earliest. If both begin in
the same place but match different lengths, or match the same length
in different ways, life gets messier, as follows.
In general, the possibilities in a list of branches are considered in
left-to-right order, the possibilities for *, +, and ? are considered
longest-first, nested constructs are considered from the outermost in,
and concatenated constructs are considered leftmost-first. The match
that will be chosen is the one that uses the earliest possibility in
the first choice that has to be made. If there is more than one
choice, the next will be made in the same manner (earliest
possibility) subject to the decision on the first choice. And so
forth.
For example, `(ab|a)b*c' could match `abc' in one of two ways. The
first choice is between `ab' and `a'; since `ab' is earlier, and does
lead to a successful overall match, it is chosen. Since the `b' is
already spoken for, the `b*' must match its last possibility-the empty
string-since it must respect the earlier choice.
In the particular case where no `|'s are present and there is only one
*, +, or ?, the net effect is that the longest possible match will be
__________
2. Ranges in regular expressions are in ASCII collating order. For
example, the range [A-z] matches all the letters in either case,
PLUS all the funny characters between Z and a in the ASCII code
chart.
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chosen. So `ab*', presented with `xabbbby', will match `abbbb'. Note
that if `ab*' is tried against `xabyabbbz', it will match `ab' just
after `x', due to the begins-earliest rule. (In effect, the decision
on where to start the match is the first choice to be made, hence
subsequent choices must respect it even if this leads them to less-
preferred alternatives.)
Case is significant in regular expressions. Ranges may be used to
match characters in either case. The regular expression [aA]ny
matches "any" or "Any".
The regular expression subroutines and much of this description were
written at the University of Toronto.
EXAMPLE: If s0 contains 1234567890 Hello There then the command
ss s0 "(12.*0 ).*The(..)"
results in
z1='1234567890 '
z2='re'
String parameter z0 contains the entire matched string, and may be
used for testing the success of the match with an if %z0 goto foundit
command.
EXAMPLE: string = 'Here are 345 dots'
ss string "([0-9]+)"
z0= '345'
EXAMPLE: Sometimes one needs to shorten a string which is too long.
The following loops while the length of subject is greater then 24.
One character is chopped off the end of the string each time the ss
command is executed. The parentheses contain the portion of the
string that should be retained.
while %sbj>24 ss sbj "(.*)[A-z]" sets sbj "%z1"
An alternative:
if %sbj>24 ss sbj "........................."; sets sbj "%z1"
26.4.1 Sample Script - Browse/Download The kcisdl.t script downloads
a file after it has been listed by the Compuserve Special Interest
Group DownLoad "bro" command. The kcisdl.t script should be bound to
F3 with
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set f3 "@source kcisdl.t"
The Compuserve "browse" command displays file information and then
invites the user to download it:
[73125,617]
P3YAM.ARC/binary 09-Jul-87 3224 Accesses: 13
Keywords: YAM PRO-YAM ZCOMM YAMDEMO
Sample YAMscript, for handling messages and file up/downloads
with the popular PCBoard bulletin board systems.
Disposition !
Keyboarding F3 activates the script to scan the circular buffer for
the file name and download the file.
if !h^\[ echo "Can't find Account Number"; return
The h test condition searches backwards through the circular buffer
for a left square bracket ([). Since "[" is a magic character for
regular expressions, it must be escaped. The "^" magic character
anchors the search to the beginning of the line. The script prints a
message and exits if the search was unsuccessful.
ss yf "^[^ /]+"
The yf string parameter accesses the next line in the circular buffer.
This line, which follows the uploader's account number, contains the
file name. The ss command extracts the file name, discarding the rest
of the line starting with a possible file type designation
("/binary"). As above, "^" matches the beginning of the line. The
"[^ /]+" phrase matches a class of characters ("[") excluding ("^")
space, tab, and "/". The trailing "+" matches one or more instances
of the search string, resulting in all characters starting at the
beginning of the line up to but not including the first space, tab, or
"/".
setc s0 "\L%z0"
Translate the file name in string parameter z0 to lower case. (This
script is also used on Unix systems where most file names are lower
case.)
if f%s0 echo "%z0 Exists: No Action taken."; return
echo "File name is %s0"
put "\025dow %s0/PRO:B\r"
pat 2i "\nFile name"
wait -f20
if 2 put "\025%s0\r"
ena -C; return
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The remainder of the script generates commands using the parsed file
name. The script enables Compuserve's B Protocol, allowing the
mainframe to initiate the download.
26.4.2 Magic Characters: Synopsis ZCOMM regular expressions give
magic meanings to the characters \ * + ? . | ^ $ [ ] ( ) as follows:
* 0 or more
+ 1 or more
? 0 or 1
. Any single character
| Branch separator (for matching)
EXAMPLE: ss s0 "(^cc: *|^ *)([^ ]+)" The first () grouping matches
either "cc:" or a space at the begining of the line in s0.
^ Matches beginning of line
$ Matches end of line
[] Single character(s) in a class
[^] Single character(s) not in a class
() Grouping (for parsing)
ZCOMM regular expressions closely resemble those used by the Unix
egrep command. The Unix ed and vi editors use regular expressions
with a slightly different syntax. Epsilon and Brief editors for DOS
also use regular expressions.
Regular Expression pattern matching is a software disicipline unto
itself. Different program behave differently when matching ambiguous
patterns. A number of Unix related books contain useful information
on the uses of Regular Expressions.
In the meantime, practice makes perfect. Setup some string variables
with strings to search and parse, and experiment with different ss
command search patterns. A full screen editor that uses regular
expressions is a handy learning aid.
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27. TEST CONDITIONS (if, on, while commands)
The following conditions may be tested with the if, on and while
commands.
Where a string parameter is indicated, it is an error to specify a
nonexistient string parameter.
When an immediate string argument is indicated, that argument is
delimited only by white space. As a result, if "is1,hello&&L<5"
command ... won't work as expected, but if is1,hello if "L<5" command
... will work.
Some of the test conditions described below may be used with ">",
"==", "!=", or "<" for numeric comparisions. The right hand argument
of a numeric comparision may be:
+ A decimal number.
EXAMPLE: if "L>5" abort
+ A string paremeter which contains a decimal number.
EXAMPLE: set maxloops "5"
if "L>maxloops" abort
+ The length of the string stored in a string parameter, denoted by
a leading % character.
EXAMPLE: set s1 "Hello"
set s2 "foo"
if "%s1>%s2" echo "%s1 is longer than %s2"
These comparisions should be quoted in case a future version of ZCOMM
implements output redirection in the same manner as COMMAND.COM or the
Unix shell. On 16 bit machines, 16 bit numerical values are used in
comparisions; numbers greater than 32767 should not be used.
Numeric conditions may also be tested against a bit mask using the &
operator.
EXAMPLE: if s&64 echo "Caps Lock is ON"
0...25 The specified pattern (see pattern command) was matched in the
last wait command.
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%svar The specified string parameter svar (see the set command) is non
empty. May be used with ">", "==", or "<" for numeric comparisions
of the string length of svar.
EXAMPLE: if %s1 putw %s1
EXAMPLE: if %symbol>4 ss symbol "(.*)[A-z]"; sets symbol %z1
If the length of the string in string variable symbol exceeds 4,
chop off the rightmost letter.
? The ? numeric parameter counts the number of files sent or received
with a protocol, and the number of lines matched by the find
command. The fFILE test condition (if true) assigns the file length
to the ? parameter. On 16 bit computers, file lengths greater than
32767 are represented as 32767. With certain operating systems, the
exit status of a subprogram accessed by a DOS Gateway is stored in
the ? numeric parameter.
The ? numeric parameter may then be tested with the ? test
condition. It can be used with ">", "==", or "<" for numeric
comparisions.
EXAMPLE: p?0 find fizzbin *.txt; if ? echo "Found fizzbin"
SEE ALSO: ? numeric parameter
B True iff Ctrl-Break has been pressed since the last purgek command.
Csvar True iff string parameter svar contains any control characters
less than 040 (hex 20) or rubout.
EXAMPLE: if Cs0 echo "Please Retype
E True iff the elapsed time in seconds is non 0. Used with ">", "==",
or "<" for numeric comparisions.
NOTE: Elapsed time may be off by up to one second. On 16 bit
machines, the maximum testable value for elapsed time is 32767
seconds.
EXAMPLE: if "E>300" off Disconnects the modem if the elapsed time is
greater than 300 seconds.
SEE ALSO: restime command
F>N True iff more than N kilobytes (1 kilobyte = 1024 bytes) of free
space remain on the default drive.
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EXAMPLE: if "F>2000" usq hugefile.q
Hregular-expression Searches backward thru the last 127 lines of
circular buffer for the next line matching regular-expression. If
the search is successful, the y string parameter points to the
matched line.
The N test condition may be used to test the number of lines that
were searched before finding a match.
EXAMPLE: To allow processing of information such as:
5 Review folder UFO (0 stories) (a typical news item in the
Executive News Service), one must scan for lines with a certain
pattern (in this case the character "(" immediately followed by
1...9 indicating 1 or more stories).
while "H\([1-9]" ss (rest of line)
The above searches backwards for the next line containing "(1" to
"(9". Note that "(" is a magic character in regular-expressions,
and must be escaped.
The h test condition is similar, but starts the search with the last
displayed line.
SEE ALSO: ens.t and kcdisl.t scripts, regular-expressions, y, yb,
y0...y127 string parameters, N test condition
Isvara,svarb Tests whether the contents of string variable svara are
IDENTICAL to the contents of string variable svarb. Case is
significant.
EXAMPLE: if Is0,s9 goto exactmatch
SEE ALSO: i test condition (compares a string parameter and an
immediate string)
Jsvar,string Tests whether any of the characters in the immediate
string string appear one or more times in string parameter svar.
EXAMPLE:
if "Js0,!@#$%^&()_" echo "No funny characters"; goto getname
L>N True iff this while command has made more then N loops.
EXAMPLE: while !1 put "\r" wait ife "L>5" off Disconnects the modem
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if the while command has sent more than five "\r"'s. The "L>N"
should be quoted in case a future version of ZCOMM implements output
redirection in the same manner as command.com or the Unix shell.
N>N True iff the last h or H condition searched more than N lines
before a match.
SEE ALSO: h and H test conditions
Q>N True iff the number of active queue entries is greater than N.
R>N After a zcommand "" command, evaluates true iff more than N
kilobytes (1 kilobyte = 1024 bytes) of free space remain on the
remote system's default disk drive.
EXAMPLE: zcommand ""; if "R>1000" sz -y hugefile
S>N True iff the transmission speed is greater N bits per second.
EXAMPLE: if S>2400 put "set verbose\r"
U True if ZCOMM was unrestricted when the first level of the current
set of scripts was activated.
SEE ALSO: u test condition
asvar The numeric value of the specified string parameter svar is non
zero. May be used with ">", "==", or "<" for numeric comparisions.
The string variable may contain leading spaces or tabs, an optional
+ or - sign, and digits.
EXAMPLE: if "as1==30" goto seen30 Performs the goto if s1 contains
"30".
bTIME True if the current time is Before TIME. TIME is written in the
form [yy[mm[dd]]]hhmm. No further conditions may be given in the if
statement after the b condition.
EXAMPLE: if b2300 return Returns from the script if the time is
before 11 p.m.
EXAMPLE: if b8512250900 return Returns from the script if the
date/time is before 9 a.m. Christmas day in 1985.
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c Carrier detect is present on the modem port.
EXAMPLE: if !c goto lostit
NOTE: On Unix systems, a dis -d command must be given to "arm" the
system to detect carrier loss.
SEE ALSO: d mode
d{2?ADLMPSTXZacdflmprtu} True iff the corresponding configuration is
true:
2 ZCOMM is executing under OS/2 protected mode.
? True if an unrecoverable error or manual abort was detected on
the last protocol file transfer.
A True if the term function's emulation Alternate Keypad Mode mode
is on.
C>N Numeric, true if the display column is greater than N.
D The script is running on a demonstration program.
H True iff no software flow control has been specified by the
handshake command. Assuming the last handshake command
correctly reflects flow control settings on any modems or
networks involved, this test condition will give an indication
that the transmission path should not intercept XON and XOFF
characters.
L True if ZCOMM is recording TurboLearn(TM) script information
(learn command).
M True if term function Keyboard Mapping is on ("display mapkb").
P Packet state is active (X.PC driver).
R>N Numeric, true if the display row is greater than N.
EXAMPLE: set fa10
@pat 23cp \n "@lput \E[K if dR>23 lput \E[H\E[K"
When the Alt-F10 key is struck, a search pattern (23) is set.
This searches for each linefeed from the remote and performs a
local display clear to end of line on each new line. If the
display row exceeds 23, jump to the top of the screen and clear
the first line. This "trick" may be used to prevent scrolling
on displays that smear badly.
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S The script is running on a shareware program (e.g., ZCOMM).
T True if a higher level of the script has called the Term
Function. When True, the script should return to the Term
Function; the script should not invoke the Term Function.
X The X.PC commands are available.
EXAMPLE: if dX goto xpclogin
Z The ZMODEM commands are available.
EXAMPLE: if dZ sz -n logfile
a>N True iff ZCOMM was called from the operating system with more
than N arguments (counting the program name).
c The color/graphics display is selected.
d ZCOMM is executing under DOS or OS/2.
f The program is running in the foreground. On DOS, a script is
considered to be running in the foreground when it is NOT called
by the Callout Queue as described in Chapter 28. A program
running in the background is unlikely to have an operator
available for interaction.
Under Unix, a script is considered to be running in the
background if it is detached from possible keyboard input, and
ZCOMM will exit when it reaches the main command prompt.
SEE ALSO: fg, bg commands
l>N True iff the script level (nesting) is greatern than N.
m The monochrome display is selected.
p The program has a non zero serial number.
r Data Set Ready (DSR) on the modem is active.
t ZCOMM is running under a Topview or DESQview virtual screen
which may be smaller than the physical screen size
u ZCOMM is executing under Unix/Xenix.
v ZCOMM is executing under the VMS operating system.
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e True iff an t, sz, or rz command terminated with an error, or if the
term function has detected framing or overrun errors. Unless the q
file transfer option is used, each file skipped as a result of
ZMODEM selective transfer increments this parameter.
This is the e numeric parameter, and is reset with each call
command. It can also be reset with a pe0 command.
SEE ALSO: e numeric parameter
e>N True iff the e parameter (number of errors) is greater than N.
EXAMPLE: if "e>5" off Disconnects the modem if more than 5 errors
have been counted.
The "e>N" should be quoted in case a future version of ZCOMM
implements output redirection in the same manner as command.com or
the Unix shell.
NOTE: The e parameter is not compared within the term function, so
"detection" may be delayed.
SEE ALSO: e numeric parameter
fFILE (No space between f and FILE). Tests whether FILE exists as a
normal readable file (not a directory or hidden file). FILE is
expanded for string parameters. If the test is successful, the ?
numeric parameter (testable with the ? test condition) is set to
the file length. [1] The N test condition reflects the number of
links to the file.
EXAMPLE: if fnit put "message\r"; f -xp nit; put "\r\336y" If nit
exists, give a "message" command, upload the file, then send
carriage return, pause, and the letter "y".
When used in a numeric context, the fFILE test represents the size
of the file in full kilobytes (1024 bytes), or 1, whichever is
greater.
EXAMPLE: if ffoo.bar>30 echo "File Longer than 30kb"
EXAMPLE: if fspy.kgb if !? echo "Zero Length File"
SEE ALSO: obey command
__________
1. On 16 bit computers, file lengths greater than 32767 are
represented as 32767.
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g Tests whether term function file transmission flow is go (not
stopped by an XOFF character).
EXAMPLE: if !g echo "Remote has not sent XON"; pg1
SEE ALSO: g mode, term function XON and XOFF
hregular-expression Please refer to the Hregular-expression test
condition.
isvar,string Tests whether the contents of string variable svar are
identical to the immediate string string. Case is significant. No
further conditions may be given in the if statement after the i
condition. This test is useful in designing menu applications. The
menu script menu.hst uses this test condition extensively.
EXAMPLE: accept s1 Choice:; if is1,a goto choicea Executes a goto
choicea if the user keyboards an a in response to the "Choice:"
prompt.
SEE ALSO: I test condition (compares two string parameters)
jsvar,string Tests whether the immediate string string is a substring
of (contained somewhere within) the contents of string variable
svar. Lower case characters in string match characters in either
case. Upper case characters in string match upper case characters.
No further conditions may be given in the if statement after the j
condition. This test is useful in designing menu applications, and
for examining message lines read with the grab command.
EXAMPLE: grab s1; if js1,sig= goto endofsig Executes a goto if the
line read by the grab command contained "sig=" or "This SIG=".
k One or more characters have been received from the keyboard and are
in the interrupt queue awaiting processing. Note: Keyboard
characters are transmitted to the remote by the term function,
except during a put command.
l True if the line printer is ready to accept a character.
m One or more characters have been received from the modem and are in
the interrupt queue awaiting processing.
n No pattern was matched as a result of the last wait command or
search pending term function. n detects a search timeout, loss of
carrier detect signal, or manual exit with F1 or ALT-X.
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